Rationale and summary of recommendations for gonadal management in individuals who have testosterone biosynthesis disorders, androgen insensitivity syndrome or ovotesticular DSD. Created with BioRender.com

GCC: germ cell cancer; DSD: differences / disorders of sex development; US: ultrasound; TESE: testicular semen extraction; GB: gonadoblastoma; AIS: androgen insensitivity syndrome; CAIS: complete androgen insensitivity syndrome; PAIS: partial androgen insensitivity syndrome; OT DSD: ovotesticular DSD; GI: gender identity; GnRHa: gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues.